Just because the weather is getting colder doesn’t mean your adventures need to end! With the right gear, preparation, and awareness, you can enjoy the beauty of winter on the water while staying safe and warm. 

Learn how to make the most of cold-weather paddling:

1. Dress for Success: Layer Up and Wear the Right Gear

Your clothing is your first defense against cold temperatures on the water. Remember, always dress for the water temperature, not the air temperature. Start with moisture-wicking undergarments to draw sweat away from your skin, followed by heavier, insulated layers to trap warmth. The outer layer should be waterproof to protect against water intrusion. It’s highly recommended to wear a kayaking drysuit made of breathable, waterproof material that seals at the wrists, neck, and ankles so you can stay dry even in challenging conditions. 

Avoid cotton clothing since it holds onto moisture, which can chill you more quickly. Essential accessories like gloves, hats, and neoprene socks are also necessary to keep your hands, head, and feet warm and comfortable.

Additionally, the "90-degree rule" is a guideline for kayakers and paddlers that emphasizes safety in cold weather conditions. It generally suggests that the combined air and water temperatures should add up to at least 90°F for safer paddling conditions. If the total is less than 90°F, there is a heightened risk of hypothermia. However, some paddlers use 100°F or even 120°F as the threshold for safer conditions, particularly in milder climates or for comfort. The specific number varies depending on the group or region, but the principle remains: colder air and water temperatures demand better preparation and protective gear to mitigate risks.

2. Stay Dry & Always Wear A Personal Flotation Device (PFD) 

Staying dry is essential for keeping your temperature regulated in cold weather. Pack a change of clothes in a dry bag to prepare for any unexpected soakings—dry clothes can be a lifesaver if you need to warm up mid-trip.

Hypothermia becomes a serious risk when wet. Be mindful of water exposure, even from small waves and splashes. Consider using a spray skirt to keep water out of the cockpit and reduce your exposure to cold water. And always wear your personal flotation device (PFD); hypothermia often disables people before it kills them, making it difficult to stay afloat. A PFD can be a lifesaver, helping you stay safe even if you’re unable to swim.

3. Plan Your Route and Check the Weather

Unless you’re highly experienced, it’s best to stick to shorter, more manageable routes. Cold conditions can be exhausting, and shorter trips help you to manage and maintain your energy. Always make sure you map out your route ahead of time and, when possible, let others know where you’ll be.

Check the weather forecast ahead of time and pay close attention to wind, temperature, and any chance of precipitation. Cold fronts and sudden wind shifts can quickly change conditions, so it’s wise to be prepared. Familiarize yourself with exit points along your route in case you need to cut your trip short unexpectedly.

4. Pack Extra Safety Gear

Being well-prepared with the right equipment can make all the difference in an emergency. Here are a few key items to include:

• Emergency blanket: Bring an emergency blanket or bivy bag to protect against hypothermia in an emergency.

• Waterproof first-aid kit: Pack a compact, waterproof first-aid kit to address minor injuries.

• Cell phone or radio in a waterproof case: Communication is key, especially in isolated areas. Make sure you have a way to call for help if you run into trouble.

5. Fuel Up and Hydrate

Fueling up with high-energy snacks and staying hydrated can go a long way when cold-weather paddling. During colder temps, your body burns more calories to stay warm. By packing nutrient-dense snacks like nuts, jerky, or granola bars, you’ll be able to keep your energy levels up throughout the trip. 

Even if you don’t feel as thirsty in the cold, dehydration is still a risk, so be proactive about drinking fluids. A thermos with warm tea or water not only keeps you hydrated but can make a big difference in maintaining energy and comfort in colder conditions.

6. Always Paddle with a Buddy

No matter your experience level, in colder weather, where conditions are less predictable, it’s always recommended to have someone out with you when paddling. A buddy provides a safety net in case of emergencies, offering help if you capsize or encounter unexpected challenges. Having a partner also enhances the experience, making it more enjoyable and less isolated as you navigate together. Plus, with someone to share the adventure with, you can look out for each other’s well-being and have a memorable experience to look back on.

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You can find the Ohio River Way’s press kit here.